Volume 9, Issue 3 (12-2017)
2017, 9(3): 317-323 |
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1- Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, College of Education and Psychology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran , hasanimehr57@yahoo.com
2- PhD Student, Department of Psychology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
2- PhD Student, Department of Psychology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract: (4898 Views)
Introduction: Previous studies investigating the role of emotion in working memory suggest that emotion plays an important role in working memory. The present research aimed at investigating the effectiveness of process emotion regulation training in visual-spatial and verbal working memory.
Methods: Therefore, 26 students of Kharazmi University (16 females and 10 males) were selected through volunteer sampling and underwent the of Process Emotion regulation strategies training. All individuals were evaluated during three stages of training (prior, meanwhile and subsequent to the training) using the Working Memory Index. Variance analysis with repeated measurement and Bonferroni post-hoc test were used in for analyzing the results.
Results: The results indicated that Process Emotion regulation training increases the visual-spatial and verbal working memory capacities.
Conclusions: With regards to the results of the present research, it could be concluded that emotion regulation might lead to information preservation and boost the verbal and visual-spatial capacity of working memory by the means of decreasing the impact of emotions influencing the deficit in working memory function.
Methods: Therefore, 26 students of Kharazmi University (16 females and 10 males) were selected through volunteer sampling and underwent the of Process Emotion regulation strategies training. All individuals were evaluated during three stages of training (prior, meanwhile and subsequent to the training) using the Working Memory Index. Variance analysis with repeated measurement and Bonferroni post-hoc test were used in for analyzing the results.
Results: The results indicated that Process Emotion regulation training increases the visual-spatial and verbal working memory capacities.
Conclusions: With regards to the results of the present research, it could be concluded that emotion regulation might lead to information preservation and boost the verbal and visual-spatial capacity of working memory by the means of decreasing the impact of emotions influencing the deficit in working memory function.
Type of Study: Orginal Research |
Subject:
Basic Sciences
Received: 2017/12/31 | Accepted: 2017/12/31 | Published: 2017/12/31
Received: 2017/12/31 | Accepted: 2017/12/31 | Published: 2017/12/31
References
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15. 15. Taverniers J, Van Ruysseveldt J, Smeets T, von Grumbkow J. High-intensity stress elicits robust cortisol increases, and impairs working memory and visuo-spatial declarative memory in Special Forces candidates: A field experiment. Stress. 2010;13(4):323-33. DOI: 10.3109/10253891003642394 PMID: 20536334
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23. 23. Rogers MA, Kasai K, Koji M, Fukuda R, Iwanami A, Nakagome K, et al. Executive and prefrontal dysfunction in unipolar depression: a review of neuropsychological and imaging evidence. Neurosci Res. 2004;50(1):1-11. DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2004.05.003 PMID: 15288493
24. 24. Salovey P. Mood-induced self-focused attention. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1992;62(4):699-707. PMID: 1583593
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26. 26. Pe ML, Raes F, Kuppens P. The cognitive building blocks of emotion regulation: ability to update working memory moderates the efficacy of rumination and reappraisal on emotion. PLoS One. 2013;8(7):e69071. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069071 PMID: 23874872
27. 27. Ramezani V, Moradi A, Ahmadi A. [Working memory function in high depressive symptoms and non-depressed female students]. J Behav Sci. 2009;3(4):339-44.
28. 28. Hasani J, Ghaedniy Jahromi A. [The training package of Gross emotion-based strategies]. 2017.
29. 29. Eysenck MW, Calvo MG. Anxiety and Performance - the Processing Efficiency Theory. Cogn Emot 1992;6(6):409-34. DOI: Doi 10.1080/02699939208409696
30. 30. Kensinger EA, Corkin S. Effect of negative emotional content on working memory and long-term memory. Emotion. 2003;3(4):378-93. DOI: 10.1037/1528-3542.3.4.378 PMID: 14674830
31. 31. Ochsner KN, Bunge SA, Gross JJ, Gabrieli JD. Rethinking feelings: an FMRI study of the cognitive regulation of emotion. J Cogn Neurosci. 2002;14(8):1215-29. DOI: 10.1162/089892902760807212 PMID: 12495527
32. 32. Ochsner KN, Ray RD, Cooper JC, Robertson ER, Chopra S, Gabrieli JD, et al. For better or for worse: neural systems supporting the cognitive down- and up-regulation of negative emotion. Neuroimage. 2004;23(2):483-99. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.06.030 PMID: 15488398
33. 33. Miller EK, Cohen JD. An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function. Annu Rev Neurosci. 2001;24:167-202. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.167 PMID: 11283309
34. 34. Campbell-Sills L, Barlow D. Incorporating emotion regulation into conceptualizations and treatments of anxiety and mood disorders. In: Gross JJ, editor. Handbook of emotion regulation. New York: Guilford 2007. p. 542–59.
35. Li X, Chan RC, Luo YJ. Stage effects of negative emotion on spatial and verbal working memory. BMC Neurosci. 2010;11:60. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-11-60PMID: 20459640
36. Baddeley AD, Hitch G. Working Memory. The psychology of learning and motivation: Advances in research and theory. New York: Academic Press; 1974. p. 47-89.
37. Shearman CP, Baddeley RM. Which gastroplasty for the correction of massive obesity? Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1986;68(3):139-42. PMID: 3729262
38. Baddeley A. The episodic buffer: a new component of working memory? Trends Cogn Sci. 2000;4(11):417-23. PMID: 11058819 [DOI:10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01538-2]
39. Shahabi R. [Underling Mechanism of Relationship between Working Memory and Fluid Intelligence: central executive functions attention and short term storage]. Tehran: University of Tehran; 2013.
40. Baddeley A. Working memory. Curr Biol. 2010;20(4):R136-40. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2009.12.014PMID: 20178752
41. Schmeichel BJ, Volokhov RN, Demaree HA. Working memory capacity and the self-regulation of emotional expression and experience. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2008;95(6):1526-40. DOI: 10.1037/a0013345PMID: 19025300
42. Lindstrom BR, Bohlin G. Emotion processing facilitates working memory performance. Cogn Emot. 2011;25(7):1196-204. DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2010.527703PMID: 21728906
43. Sun LR, Qing C, Zhang YL, Jia SY, Li ZR, Pei SJ, et al. Cimicifoetisides A and B, two cytotoxic cycloartane triterpenoid glycosides from the rhizomes of Cimicifuga foetida, inhibit proliferation of cancer cells. Beilstein J Org Chem. 2007;3:3. DOI: 10.1186/1860-5397-3-3PMID: 17266751
44. Gross JJ. Emotion Regulation in Adulthood: Timing Is Everything. Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2016;10(6):214-9. DOI: 10.1111/1467-8721.00152 [DOI:10.1111/1467-8721.00152]
45. Gross JJ. The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Rev Gen Psychol. 1998;2(3):271-99. DOI: 10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.271 [DOI:10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.271]
46. Hasani J. [Effects of reappraisal and suppression of emotional experiences on the regional brain activity with regard to the extraversion and neuroticism dimensions]. Tehran: University of Tarbiat Modarres; 2008.
47. Habel U, Koch K, Pauly K, Kellermann T, Reske M, Backes V, et al. The influence of olfactory-induced negative emotion on verbal working memory: individual differences in neurobehavioral findings. Brain Res. 2007;1152:158-70. DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.03.048PMID: 17448450
48. Cabeza R, Nyberg L. Imaging cognition II: An empirical review of 275 PET and fMRI studies. J Cogn Neurosci. 2000;12(1):1-47. PMID: 10769304 [DOI:10.1162/08989290051137585]
49. Taverniers J, Van Ruysseveldt J, Smeets T, von Grumbkow J. High-intensity stress elicits robust cortisol increases, and impairs working memory and visuo-spatial declarative memory in Special Forces candidates: A field experiment. Stress. 2010;13(4):323-33. DOI: 10.3109/10253891003642394PMID: 20536334
50. Ramos BP, Arnsten AF. Adrenergic pharmacology and cognition: focus on the prefrontal cortex. Pharmacol Ther. 2007;113(3):523-36. DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2006.11.006PMID: 17303246
51. Arnsten AF. Stress signalling pathways that impair prefrontal cortex structure and function. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2009;10(6):410-22. DOI: 10.1038/nrn2648PMID: 19455173
52. Kane MJ, Engle RW. The role of prefrontal cortex in working-memory capacity, executive attention, and general fluid intelligence: an individual-differences perspective. Psychon Bull Rev. 2002;9(4):637-71. PMID: 12613671 [DOI:10.3758/BF03196323]
53. Ranganath C, Johnson MK, D'Esposito M. Prefrontal activity associated with working memory and episodic long-term memory. Neuropsychologia. 2003;41(3):378-89. PMID: 12457762 [DOI:10.1016/S0028-3932(02)00169-0]
54. Arnsten AF, Mathew R, Ubriani R, Taylor JR, Li BM. Alpha-1 noradrenergic receptor stimulation impairs prefrontal cortical cognitive function. Biol Psychiatry. 1999;45(1):26-31. PMID: 9894572 [DOI:10.1016/S0006-3223(98)00296-0]
55. Matthews G, Campbell SE. Dynamic relationships between stress states and working memory. Cogn Emot. 2010;24(2):357-73. DOI: 10.1080/02699930903378719 [DOI:10.1080/02699930903378719]
56. Marvel CL, Paradiso S. Cognitive and neurological impairment in mood disorders. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2004;27(1):19-36. DOI: 10.1016/s0193-953x(03)00106-0 [DOI:10.1016/S0193-953X(03)00106-0]
57. Rogers MA, Kasai K, Koji M, Fukuda R, Iwanami A, Nakagome K, et al. Executive and prefrontal dysfunction in unipolar depression: a review of neuropsychological and imaging evidence. Neurosci Res. 2004;50(1):1-11. DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2004.05.003PMID: 15288493
58. Salovey P. Mood-induced self-focused attention. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1992;62(4):699-707. PMID: 1583593 [DOI:10.1037/0022-3514.62.4.699]
59. Kihlstrom J. On what does mood- dependent memory depend? J Soc Behav Pers. 1989;4(2):23-32.
60. Pe ML, Raes F, Kuppens P. The cognitive building blocks of emotion regulation: ability to update working memory moderates the efficacy of rumination and reappraisal on emotion. PLoS One. 2013;8(7):e69071. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069071PMID: 23874872
61. Ramezani V, Moradi A, Ahmadi A. [Working memory function in high depressive symptoms and non-depressed female students]. J Behav Sci. 2009;3(4):339-44.
62. Hasani J, Ghaedniy Jahromi A. [The training package of Gross emotion-based strategies]. 2017.
63. Eysenck MW, Calvo MG. Anxiety and Performance - the Processing Efficiency Theory. Cogn Emot 1992;6(6):409-34. DOI: Doi 10.1080/02699939208409696 [DOI:10.1080/02699939208409696]
64. Kensinger EA, Corkin S. Effect of negative emotional content on working memory and long-term memory. Emotion. 2003;3(4):378-93. DOI: 10.1037/1528-3542.3.4.378PMID: 14674830
65. Ochsner KN, Bunge SA, Gross JJ, Gabrieli JD. Rethinking feelings: an FMRI study of the cognitive regulation of emotion. J Cogn Neurosci. 2002;14(8):1215-29. DOI: 10.1162/089892902760807212PMID: 12495527
66. Ochsner KN, Ray RD, Cooper JC, Robertson ER, Chopra S, Gabrieli JD, et al. For better or for worse: neural systems supporting the cognitive down- and up-regulation of negative emotion. Neuroimage. 2004;23(2):483-99. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.06.030PMID: 15488398
67. Miller EK, Cohen JD. An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function. Annu Rev Neurosci. 2001;24:167-202. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.167PMID: 11283309
68. Campbell-Sills L, Barlow D. Incorporating emotion regulation into conceptualizations and treatments of anxiety and mood disorders. In: Gross JJ, editor. Handbook of emotion regulation. New York: Guilford 2007. p. 542–59.
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