Volume 18, Issue 1 (Spring 2026)
2026, 18(1): 49-58 |
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Ethics code: IR.IAU.SRB.REC.1402.365
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Zhalechin M, Abednatanzi H, Soheily S, Ghazalian F. The Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training and Royal Jelly on Glucose, Insulin Levels, and Expression of ELMO1 and TGF-β Genes in the Kidney of Rats with Type 2 Diabetes. North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences 2026; 18 (1) :49-58
URL: http://journal.nkums.ac.ir/article-1-3350-en.html
URL: http://journal.nkums.ac.ir/article-1-3350-en.html
1- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran ,abednatanzi@iau.ir
3- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran ,
3- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract: (22 Views)
Introduction: This study investigates the effects of high-intensity interval training and royal jelly (RJ) interventions, separately and in combination, on glucose, insulin levels, and expression of ELMO1 and TGF-β genes in the kidney tissue of rats with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: In this experimental study, type 2 diabetes was induced by a high-fat diet with STZ injection for 20 weeks. Then, the rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: type 2 diabetes (DI), type 2 diabetes+ high-intensity interval training (DI + HIIT), type 2 diabetes+ royal jelly (DI + RJ), and type 2 diabetes+ high-intensity interval training + royal jelly (DI + HIIT + RJ). The supplemented groups were given RJ at a dose of 100 mg/kg, 5 days a week. The exercise program consisted of eight weeks of HIIT training, five sessions per week. At the end of the study, the mice were sacrificed, and kidney tissue was removed for measurement of TGF-β and ELMO1 gene expression.
Results: ELMO1 gene expression in the kidney was significantly increased in all treatment groups, compared to the diabetes group (P<0.05). Moreover, TGF-β gene expression in the kidney was significantly decreased in all treatment groups, compared to the diabetes group (P<0.0001), with the decrease in TGF-β being significant in the combined treatment group (DI+HIIT+RJ).
Conclusions: It seems that HIIT and RJ interventions, both individually and in combination, can have beneficial effects in diabetic conditions by improving glucose profiles and modulating the expression of key genes associated with kidney damage (ELMO1 and TGF-β), without significant effects on body weight.
Methods: In this experimental study, type 2 diabetes was induced by a high-fat diet with STZ injection for 20 weeks. Then, the rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: type 2 diabetes (DI), type 2 diabetes+ high-intensity interval training (DI + HIIT), type 2 diabetes+ royal jelly (DI + RJ), and type 2 diabetes+ high-intensity interval training + royal jelly (DI + HIIT + RJ). The supplemented groups were given RJ at a dose of 100 mg/kg, 5 days a week. The exercise program consisted of eight weeks of HIIT training, five sessions per week. At the end of the study, the mice were sacrificed, and kidney tissue was removed for measurement of TGF-β and ELMO1 gene expression.
Results: ELMO1 gene expression in the kidney was significantly increased in all treatment groups, compared to the diabetes group (P<0.05). Moreover, TGF-β gene expression in the kidney was significantly decreased in all treatment groups, compared to the diabetes group (P<0.0001), with the decrease in TGF-β being significant in the combined treatment group (DI+HIIT+RJ).
Conclusions: It seems that HIIT and RJ interventions, both individually and in combination, can have beneficial effects in diabetic conditions by improving glucose profiles and modulating the expression of key genes associated with kidney damage (ELMO1 and TGF-β), without significant effects on body weight.
Type of Study: Orginal Research |
Subject:
Basic Sciences
Received: 2026/04/12 | Accepted: 2026/03/29 | Published: 2026/03/29
Received: 2026/04/12 | Accepted: 2026/03/29 | Published: 2026/03/29
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