Journal of North Khorasan

Abstract Background & Objectives: Given the importance of aquatic arthropods as vector in medical and bioindicator in life sciences and information on the composition of such animals , this study was conducted during 2010 in the city of Kashan. Material & Methods: Descriptive study and sampling at 13 locations and over 39 times in 2303 on the number of larvae, nymphs, Pupa and adults were collected from Lentic and Lotic waters. The collected Samples were transferred to the laboratory and identified by using a stereo microscope and morphological keys. Results:Total 2303 samples over 39 times the sampling of the class insecta 1724 (74.8%) crustaceans, with 579 samples (25.2%),were collected . from insect: Order Diptera, with 1,287 cases (55.8%), Order Trichoptera with 158 samples (6.9%), Order Ephemeroptera 153 samples (6.7%), Order Odonata with 61 samples (2.6%), Order Heteroptera with 26 samples (1.1%), Order Coleoptera with 26 samples (1.1%), Order Plecoptera with 13 sample (0.6) were identified. From Crustacea Class , Amphipoda 414 samples (18%) from Lotic water, Ostracoda 139 samples (6.1%), Copepoda 26 samples (1.1%), from the Lentic waters was collected. Conclusion: For the first time , from Crustacea class ,subclass of Ostracoda and from Diptera order , Ceratopogonidae ,Eryphidae , Dixidae families were reported in Kashan. Therefore it can be concluded that the aquatic arthropods Fauna are very rich in Kasha..

Abstract Background & objectives: Acute myocardial infarction is the single most common cause of death in large parts of the world. Although the mortality rate after admission for myocardial infarction has declined significantly over the last two decades but it still remains high. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine hospital mortality and its related factor in patients with acute myocardial infarction hospitalized in Dr. Heshmat hospital. Material & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we assessed medical records of 227 patients with acute Myocardial Infarction that hospitalized in CCU. Demographic and clinical factors were collected from the medical records. Data analysis was performed using SPSSv.16 software at P>0.05. Results: In-hospital mortality rate of acute myocardial infarction patients was 8.4%. In univariate analysis, condition of patients with acute myocardial infarction after hospitalization was related with number of hospitalization days (P<0.002), left ventricular ejection fraction (P<0.002) and previous history of acute myocardial infarction (P<0.014). In regression analysis, only left ventricular ejection fraction was related with Hospital mortality rate (P<0.019, OR=0.885). Conclusion: Despite applying of preventive programs and therapeutic improvements, hospital mortality rate also is high (8.4%).In present study, hospital mortality was related with number of hospitalization days, left ventricular ejection fraction and previous history of acute myocardial infarction.

Background & Objectives: Multiple Sclerosis(M.S) is one of the most common chronic disease of the central nervous system in young adults and like any other chronic disease can effect various aspects of life of patients and their quality of life. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Hope-based group therapy on the quality of life in women with multiple sclerosis.

Material & Methods: This research is a quasi-experimental study with control group pretest- posttest design. Number of 24 patients as the sample was selected among women with M.S and divided into two groups as intervention and control group. Hope-based group therapy was performed in the intervention group. The instrument used in this study was Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-29). Research data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software and statistical tests of independent t-test, chi-square and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).

Result: Hope-based group therapy caused a significant difference (p<0.001) between intervention and control groups in the overall scale of quality of life. It also significantly (p<0.001) improved psychological aspect of quality of life in women with M.S, compared to control group, but this intervention showed no  significant effect  on improvement of physical aspect of quality of life.

Conclusion: Hope-based group therapy is effective in improvement of psychological aspect of quality of life in women with M.S. So it can be applied as a useful method of intervention for improvement of psychological aspect of quality of life in patients with M.S.

Keywords: Group therapy, Quality of life, Multiple Sclerosis (M.S)

Background & Objectives: Addiction is a physical illness, mental, social and spiritual and one serious injury seeking drug a brain injury. The main aim of the present study was to compare of long-term and short-term memory in male addict Opium, have left addicts, and healthy.

Materials & Methods: The study method was descriptive, causal-comparative. The target population of this study were male addict, have left addicts, and healthy that 35 addicted, 32 have left addicts, 35 healthy selected by purposive sampling. For data collecting prospective and retrospective memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) were used. Data were analyzed by using of multivariate (MANOVA) and Tukey test.

Results: The results showed that there were significant differences in long-term memory performance between male addicts, have left addicts, and healthy (0.05> P), but there was no significant difference in short-term memory performance. Tukey test results also showed that long-term memory mean more than in addicts and have left addicts, and healthy.

Conclusion: Thus, The increase duration of drug further impairs long-term memory impairs and therefore makes it more difficult to quit drugs.

Keywords: Long-term memory, short-term memory, addict, have left addicts, healthy people

Background & Objectives: The drug addiction has different aspects and leads to the significant clinical damage. It can be related to the biological processes and personality traits such as temperament and character.

Material & Methods: This correlation study assessed relationship between temperament and character features and severity of addiction. Two hundred thirty five prisoners and 50 non prisoners who were drug-dependent individuals were randomly selected from Quchan. Participants replied to the Addiction Severity scale (ASI) and temperament and character features (TCI-125).

Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between temperament and character features in addicted prisoners and non-prisoners in all subtests of temperament and character features (P<0.01). There was significant difference between prisoners and non-prisoners in severity of drug addiction on all subscales (P<0.01).The scales of novelty seeking and reward dependence have also a significant positive correlation with the severity of addiction (P<0.01). There was also a significant inverse correlation in measures to avoid damage, perseverance as well as natural features (total) (P<0.01). Regression analysis showed that 48.3% of the variance related to addiction severity is explained by temperament and character features (36.7% predicted by temperament and 10.9% by character features) (P<0.001). On the other hand, 15.2% and 12.1% of the variance of addiction severity (total) were explained by the novelty seeking and reward dependence alone, respectively. Only 8.9% of the total addiction severity variance was explained by self transcendence.

Conclusion: Attention to the personality character and severity of addiction can be effective on treatment, harm reduction and drug craving interventions.