Showing 16 results for Ghorbani
Aa Ebrahimian, R Ghorbani, B Bibak,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (Winter 2009, Spring 2009 2009)
Abstract
Introduction: Night shift work might be a risk factor for metabolic disorders due to interference with diet, circadian rhythms and lifstyle. One way in which metabolic risk could be increased is through inappropariate
hormonal and some metabolic responses to night shift. We conducted this study to examin plasma glucose
concentration and the related factors in night shift nurses.
Methods: Participants were 60 nurses working in different section of Damghan Hospital who were randomly selected. Their level of glucose concentration was measured by glucose oxidas method while they were working around 4-5 pm. The test was repeated for three times at one-month intervals. Statistical methods of T-test, Repeated Measurment and Pearson Correlation Coefficient were employed to investigate the relationship between glucose concentration and age, gender, weight, length of service and number of night shifts per month.
Results: The results showed that the mean blood glucose concentration of nurses at the first time was 82.68 mg/dl, at the second time 82.12 mgldl and at the thired time 83.75 mg/dl. there were no significant relationship between the blood glucose concentration range and age, gender, weight, years of service and number of night shifts per month.
Conclusion: mean of blood glucose concetration in night shifts nurses was low and lack of its significan relationship with other factors shows that all nurses regardless of their conditions suffere from low glucose concentration. Therefore it is concluded that there is a need for more attention to nurses' nutrition to increase blood glucose concetration in night shift nurses.
M Eidi , Kh Kolahdouzan, N Ghorbanian, H Hosseinzadeh,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (summer 2011 2011)
Abstract
Abstract Background & objective: Postoperative sore throat is a common complication of anesthesia that is prevalent in patients after laryngeal tubing. Glucocorticoids are inflammatory response and hydrocortisone may have potential advantages in the prevention of postoperative sore throat. The aim of this study was evaluate the efficacy of intravenously administered hydrocortisone in reducing the incidence and severity of postoperative sore throat in patients receiving general anesthesia with laryngeal mask airway insertion. Materials &Methods: Sixty patients aged 20-60 years who were candidate for urogenital surgeries under general anesthesia, were randomly divided into 2 groups. Group 1 were received hydrocortisone 100 mg (2mL) and group 2 (placebo) were received normal saline 2mL intravenously 5 minutes before induction of anesthesia. At the end of the surgical operation, the patients were asked about sore throat symptoms at the recovery, the second, and the fourth and at twenty four hours after the end of the surgery. Sore throat was graded using a 4-point scale and was evaluated by an anesthesiologist who was unaware to the type of the treatment. Results: Postoperative sore throat was seen in three cases (10%) in the hydrocortisone group and in six cases (20%) in the placebo group. there was no statistically significant differences between two groups. Neither moderate nor sever pains were observed in any of the postoperative periods in patients of both groups. There were no statistically significant differences in regards of pain in all intervals after recovery between two groups. Conclusion: According to our findings, intravenous administration of hydrocortisone 5 minutes prior to the induction of anesthesia had no effects on the severity of postoperative sore throat in urogenital surgeries.
Mr Majdi , N , Nickparast , A , Bagherzadeh , M Puradine, M , Sabery Karimian , H Khani, A Ghorbani,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (spring 2012 2012)
Abstract
Abstract Background & Objectives: lipids play (or have) a major role in many critical functions of body but their growing up can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. This study investigates the hyperlipidemia incidence and its relationship with nutritional pattern, life style and anthropometric indices in North Khorasan Province, Iran. Materials & Methods: it is a cross-sectional study, which was performed on the teachers of North Khorasan province since 2009 to 2010. Demographic features, nutritional patterns, life style and Anthropometric indices were measured and recorded by using of standard scales. An 8mL fasting blood sample was collected after 12h fasting. Blood samples were centrifuged at 3000 g for 10 minutes and the serum aliquots was separated and stored at -20 oC. The GPO-PAP and GHOD-PAP methods (Zist-chimi company kits) were usedin order to determine the cholesterol and triglyceride concentration respectively. LDL-c and HDL-c concentrations were determined using Biosystem company kits. Findings: Total of 11704 (99.9%) volunteers among the 11713 teachers (5730 males and 5983 females, age 50.64±6.62 years), participated in this study. The mean concentration of cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-c and LDL-c in men were 196.4± 42.7, 164.2±96.4, 46.8±1.3 and 107.7±3.9 and in women was 190.9±39.8, 132.1±71, 50±1.2 and 110.9±3.4 respectively. The hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia prevalence and increased LDL-c levelin the age group 20-45 yearswas significantly more than age group 45-70 years. Hypercholesterolemia was directly associated with the male gender, central obesity and BMI (body mass index) and smoking, and inversely with the age group. Data was shown that the serum HDL-c level in females was lower than males and the serum LDL-c concentration in males was lower than females. Conclusion: This study shows high prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, serum increased LDL-c level, low physical activity in the age group 20-45 years. It seems that the lower age group expose to the heart disease more than age group 45-70 years
M Ghorbani , B Monfarediraz , F Neyestani ,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (Autumn 2014 2014)
Abstract
Abstract Background and Objectives: No doubt, in one hand, organizational intelligence as a capability of an organization to create mental power and in the other hand nurturing creativity, finding creative minds and making use of employee’s creativity must be regarded important by managers of an organization. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between organizational intelligence and employee’s creativity for the staff of the medical training center in hospitals affiliated to North Khorasan University. Materials and Methods: The present study is descriptive –analytical. The statistical population includes the whole staff of the medical training centers in hospitals affiliated to North Khorasan University (n=1050) in 2012-2013. The sample group (n=286) was selected by the stratified proportionate method using Morgan Table. The data was collected using two questionnaires: 1. Albericht Standard Organizational Intelligence Questionnaire (reliability rate= 95%) 2. Rendsip Standard Creativity Questionnaire (reliability rate= 88%). The collected data was analyzed using SPSS and LISREL software. Results: On the whole, there was no significant statistical relationship between organizational intelligence and creativity (p=0.061). Some dimensions of organizational intelligence (strategic vision, knowledge and performance) showed significant relationship with creativity. Knowledge was more influential in employee’s creativity (p=0.024) than strategic vision Conclusion: Since organizational intelligence and its parameters play an important role in capacity building and promotion of organizational knowledge, and on the other hand since it is very important to create a creative climate in organization, managers of organization must provide a suitable climate for creativity in the organization based on effective parameters of organizational intelligence
S.h Nabavi , S Mohammadi , S Ghorbani , H Lashkardoost ,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (2-2016)
Abstract
Background & objectives: Emotional intelligence is a concept based on the emotional and social intelligence which Nowadays, has been growing in interpersonal relationships, in the sphere of educations, the workplaces, and the families. This study was aimed to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence and computer games in students.
Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional. The target population included all students of junior high school in Bojnurd, out of which 205 subjects were recruited through a multistage random sampling. For collecting the data in this study, “Shot” questionnaire of emotional intelligence and questionnaire which included variables related to computer games and demographic, was applied. The independent t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation test in SPSS20 software were used for analyzing the data.
Results: The mean age of the students was 13.05±0.62 years. The subjects were 51.2% males and 48.8 percent female. Results showed a statistically significant relationship between emotional intelligence of students and the kind of game which adolescents more loved to do and the type of game. There was not any significant association between emotional intelligence and other variables.
Conclusion: Because of the relationship between emotional intelligence of students and the type of computer games, the twofold effect of such relationship should be considered.
key words: emotional intelligence, computer games, adolescents
Mahdi Farzadkia, Mahdi Ghorbanian, Mitra Gholami, Ehsan Abouee Mehrizi,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (12-2017)
Abstract
Introduction: Large amounts of oilfield water production in oil reserves of countries, such as Iran, is one of the most important environmental predicaments, and since this water contains large quantities of pollutants (aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons), its treatment is necessity. The produced waters contain great amounts of refractory substances. Nowadays, using chemical methods for pretreatments and primary conversion of resistant compounds to degradable compounds is more acceptable due to significant lower operational costs. The aim of this study was to survey the efficiency of ozone oxidant removal of oil hydrocarbons of water.
Methods: This experimental study was done in an impinger reactor in a laboratory scale. The impact of effective variables including reaction time (10 to 40 minutes), pH (6 to 12), ozone concentration (1 to 10 mg/minute) and initial total petroleum hydrocarbons concentration (0.5 to 1.5g/l) on TPH removal efficiency was studied. Thirty samples were taken with regards to the Central Composite Design (CCD) and results were analyzed by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Design Expert 7 software and statistical tests including an analysis of variance and regression.
Results: Results showed that under optimized conditions, total petroleum hydrocarbons removal efficiency was 73.3% according to statistical tests (ANOVA and regression) and showed that the model had a high accordance with lab results.
Conclusions: This study showed that ozonation process is an efficient way for removing total petroleum hydrocarbons from produced waters.
Shadi Sharifi, Mohammad Javadzadeh, Ali Sherafatnia, Ghorbani, Elham Sharifian, Amirhosein Khoshi,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (3-2018)
Abstract
Introduction: Total iron binding capacity (TIBC) assay is important investigation of body iron state. The most common method is chemical-precipitation reference method with pre-analysis step. New diagnostic approaches for direct measurement of TIBC have been proposed to streamline and reducing the time of analysis. The aim of study was to compare of accuracy and precision of TIBC direct assay with precipitation method.
Methods: Under standard laboratory condition, twenty-five individuals' serum samples for each of the low, normal and high TIBC levels were analyzed by both precipitation and direct methods. To investigate of analytical accuracy and precision, the assayedcommercial serum-control was used.
Results: There were not significant difference between different serum-TIBC levels which analyzed by precipitation and direct methods (P=0.25, P=0.17 and P=0.34 for low, normal and high levels, respectively); however, there were more differences between serum-TIBC that analyzed by precipitation method. To investigate of within-run -run9%) for precipitation and direct methods, respectively. However, there were not significant differences in accuracy and precision between two methods (P=0.53).
Conclusions: The results showed that despite of allowable accuracy and no significant differences between precipitation and direct methods of TIBC measurement, because of lower standard deviation and CV%, and also simplicity of direct assay, it is suggested that the direct assay can be replace instead of precipitation method.
Ahmad Ghorbani ,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (1398 2020)
Abstract
Introduction: In diabetes mellitus, stem cells are exposed to inappropriate conditions such as an increase of glucose in extracellular space, oxidative stress, and deprivation from growth factors (following ischemia). This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of these conditions on stem cells.
Methods: Stem cells were isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue of rats. The cells were maintained for 24 h in culture medium containing 25-50 mM glucose to simulate hyperglycemic condition. For the induction of the ischemic model, the cells were incubated for 12-36 h with the medium deprived of glucose- and growth factors. To induce oxidative stress, H2O2 was added at concentrations of 100-800 µM to the medium of the cells for 24 h. The cell viability was determined using the Thiazolyl blue Tetrazolium Bromide assay.
Results: The increase in the glucose of culture medium from 25 mM to 50 mM did not affect the viability of stem cells. The percent of viable cells was significantly decreased after 12, 24, and 36 h incubation with glucose- and growth factors-free medium (P < 0.05). Concentrations of 400 and 800 µM of H2O2 significantly decreased the percent of viable cells (P < 0.01). The increase in the glucose of culture medium did not further enhance H2O2 cytotoxicity.
Conclusions: In a short time, stem cells are more vulnerable to oxidative stress and deprivation from glucose and growth factors compared to glucotoxicity. Therefore, reactive oxygen radicals and blood flow disorders are of the main causes of stem cell damage and, as a result, reduced tissue regeneration in diabetes
Amir Bigdeli, Marzieh Ghorbani Moghadam , Maliheh Afsharian ,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (10-2020)
Abstract
Introduction: IgA Nephropathy is the most common form of glomerulonephritis and the major cause of end-stage renal disease. Gross or microscopic hematuria is a common symptom of hematuria and occurs in less than 5% to 10% of patients with IGM with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic biomarkers of this disease after biopsy.
Methods: IgA (N) Nephropathy is the most common glomerulonephritis in the world and is currently recognized as an important end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Hypertension, proteinuria greater than 1 g / day, and severe lesions in primary renal biopsies such as crescent and interstitial fibrosis are the major predictors of progression to ESRD. Despite its prevalence and clinical significance, there is no consensus for treating patients with risk factors for worse prognosis. Our aim is to describe cases of crescentic IgA N and emphasize the efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy here.
Results: This is a case-control study of the physiological and pathologic features of a patient with clinical, radiologic, and treatment modalities of a patient with immunoglobulin A nephropathy without a history of renal disease.
Conclusions: IgA Nephropathy, first identified nearly four decades ago as one of the types of kidney disease, is one of the most common causes of primary glomerulonephritis in developing countries and is now one of the major causes (End - stage renal disease (ESRD).
Marziyeh Ghorbani Moghadam, Amir Bigdeli, Maryam Yazdani,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (12-2020)
Abstract
Introduction: Rhino cerebral mucormycosis is a rapidly progressive, invasive fungal infection most commonly seen in diabetic or immunocompromised individuals. It is thought that the infection originates in the nose and spreads to the orbit through the ethmoidal sinuses after the lamina papyrus corrosion then the infection passes from the orbital apex to the cavernous sinus and the brain.
Methods: Given the low prevalence of immunosuppressive infectious diseases, their diagnostic and therapeutic problems, the aim of this study was to evaluate the status of patients with mucormycosis in terms of their causative factors, clinical symptoms at the time of referral and timely diagnosis in their treatment.
Results: This case study is a case report of demographic and clinical, laboratory and radiological findings and treatment modalities of a patient with mucormycosis in a diabetic patient who is expected to receive partial renal transplantation.
Conclusions: The most common predisposing areas for invasive mucormycosis include diabetes mellitus, metabolic acidosis, glucocorticoid use, organ transplantation, anemia, iron overload, A Pulmonary mucormycosis is associated with a very poor prognosis and the best way to diagnose it is biopsy and the best way to deal with the use of less immunosuppressive drugs.
Maryam Ghorbani, Mohammed Husain Alizadeh, Mehdi Shahbazi, Hooman Minoonejad,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (12-2021)
Abstract
Introduction: Lumbar hyper extension syndrome is the second most common category of lumbar syndromes that reduces the height of the disc and narrows the intervertebral foramen in the lumbar vertebrae. The purpose of this study was the effect of exercises (imagery and corrective) on the degree of lumbar hyper extension and the activity of electromyography of the pelvic muscles.
Methods: Twenty- four women with the lumbar hyper extension syndrome in the age range of 30-40 years, non-athlete and without injury and surgery in the lumbar region were divided into two groups of combined and corrective exercises. The groups trained for six weeks and three times a week. Lumbar lordosis, abdominal muscle and gluteus maximus strength and activity of electromyography of selected pelvic muscles were measured before and after exercises.
Results: Paired t-test showed that the variables of lumbar lordosis (combined group: P=0.00, corrective group: P=0.00) were significantly reduced between the two training groups in the post-test compared to the pre-test and the strength of gluteus (combined group: P=0.00, corrective group: P=0.01) and abdominal muscles (combined group: P=0.00, corrective group: P=0.00) in the two groups in the post-test was significantly increased compared to the pre-test. Gluteus maximus (P=0.01) and abdominis transfer muscle activity rates (P=0.03) in the combined group (imagery and corrective exercises) increased significantly in the post-test compared to the pre-test and gluteus maximus muscle activity rate (P=0.03) in the corrective group increased significantly in the post-test compared to the pre-test. The activity rate of lumbar erector spine (combined group: P=0.00, corrective group: P=0.02) and rectus femoris muscles (combined group: P=0.01, corrective group: P=0.00) decreased significantly between the two groups in the post-test compared to the pre-test. Unpaired t-test also showed that there was no significant difference between the two training methods (P ≥ 0.05).
Conclusions: The findings showed imagery corrective exercises have been effective in reducing lumbar hyper extension dysfunction by altering the lumbo – pelvic muscles activity. It is suggested to use imagery corrective exercises which is a different program for reducing increased lumbar lordosis by altering the activity of lumbo-pelvic muscles
Massoome Eftekharian, Mahbubeh Tabatabaeichehr, Raziye Malaijerdi, Sakine Nazari , Mahbubeh Ghorbani , Maryam Bagheri,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (3-2022)
Abstract
Introduction: The mother's vital signs change in the face of stressful phenomena Acupressure improves vital function by secreting enkephalins. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of acupressure, LV3 point on maternal physiological parameters and non-stress testing of the fetus.
Methods: A clinical trial study was performed on 84 primiparous mothers. The study tool was a questionnaire in three sections: demographics, maternal vital signs and interpretation of non-stress fetal test. After measuring the mother's vital signs, non-stress testing of the fetus was done. After 5 minutes, in the intervention group, the researcher applied a pressure of 3 kg to the LV3 point for 1 minute, rested for 30 seconds and performed 2.5 minutes for each leg. In the control group, the researcher touched a point near LV3 (the tip of the big toe). Five minutes after the non-stress test, the vital signs of the mothers were re-measured and the NST print was interpreted by a specialist and an uninformed person. The collected information was entered into SPSS software, analyzed.
Results: In the intervention group, the difference between the mean variables of fetal heart rate and fetal movements was statistically significant, in the second 10 minutes after the intervention was more than the first 10 minutes (p <0.05). The difference between the means in increasing the basal rate of fetal heart rate and the number of fetal movements in the first and second stages in the intervention group was more than the control group and was statistically significant (p <0.05). But the pressure on LV3 point on pulse and blood pressure of pregnant mothers in the study group was not statistically significant.
Conclusions: Acupressure can be used to reduce the false non-reactive test results of non-stress fetal test
Seyedeh Nastaran Asadzadeh, Ali Paseban, Mahdi Ghorbanian, Nima Firouzeh,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (Spring 2023)
Abstract
Introduction: Pharmaceuticals, especially antibiotics, are new contaminants that have created a major environmental concern because of their cumulative nature, adverse effects, and drug resistance. Their existence in domestic wastewater will pollute water resources. This study aimed to determine the performance of US/UV/SO40‒ processes in the removal of Amoxicillin (AMX).
Method: The current experimental study used ultrasonic waves (US), ultraviolet rays (UV), and sulfate radicals (SO40‒). To detect the effect of variables, including contact time (0-120 min), the antibiotic concentration (5-50 mg/l), pH (3-9), persulfate concentration (1-7 mM), and the input power (550 W), the reactor has been sampled in different intervals, and the residue concentration was detected using a spectrophotometer in 294 nm length wave.
Results: The results showed that the separate use of US and UV had no high operation with the best removal percentages of 33.3% and 13.29%, respectively. Simultaneous use of US/UV/SO40‒ showed a more high reduction in AMX concentration and the best removal percentage was 94.12% that took place in pH=6, the antibiotic concentration of 5 mg/L, persulfate concentration of 5 mM, and contact time of 120 min.
Conclusion: The result showed that the US/UV/SO40‒ process can be used as an operational process to remove the AMX from an aqueous environment.
Mohammadreza Naghibi Sistani, Hassan Motaghi Moghadam, Behzad Alizadeh, Hassan Birjandi, Mahmoud Hosseinzadeh Maleki, Fatemeh Ghorbani,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (Summer 2023)
Abstract
Introduction: This study was performed to investigate the frequency of iron-deficiency anemia and some related factors in children with cyanotic congenital heart disease between 2011 and 2019 in Mashhad City, Iran.
Method: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted with a consensus method on children under 14 years of age. The samples were diagnosed with cyanotic congenital heart disease in the pediatric heart department of Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad and had an oxygen saturation of less than 94%. The information from the patients' files was recorded in the questionnaire. The studied children were divided into five age groups to evaluate iron-deficiency anemia. The mean and lower limit of normal erythrocyte indices were determined, and the patients with anemia were identified based on mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and red blood cell distribution width (RDW). The data were statistically analyzed in SPSS23 software using Chi-square and Mann-Whitney statistical tests. A significance level of 0.05 was considered.
Results: Among 250 examined patients, 90 cases were included in the study (54 boys and 36 girls). Angiography was the reason for half of these patients' referral to the hospital. The highest frequency was related to patients with tetralogy of Fallot (40%). The frequency rates of iron-deficiency anemia based on MCV and MCH erythrocyte indices were 10% and 17.8%, respectively. Moreover, 64.4% of patients had increased RDW levels. Cyanosis attacks were reported positive in 85.4% of the studied population. Of note, the frequency of cyanosis attacks was not significantly different in the two gender groups (P<0.494).
Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia, especially in children with congenital heart disease, the treatment of this disorder is necessary for all such children and should not be neglected
Seyedeh Nastaran Asadzadeh, Ali Pasban, Mehdi Ghorbanian, Nima Firouzeh,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (Summer 2023)
Abstract
Introduction: Tetracycline is an antibiotic that is widely used around the world. Advanced oxidation processes are used for the degradation of resistant organic pollutants in aqueous solutions due to their high oxidation potential. This study aimed to estimate the performance of the ultraviolet rays/hydrogen peroxide/silver nanoparticles (UV/Ag/H2O2) in removing tetracycline antibiotics.
Method: In this study, the degradation of tetracycline by the UV/Ag/H2O2 process was investigated under various conditions. The effects of different parameters, such as silver nanoparticles (1, 2, 4, and 6 mM), hydrogen peroxide concentration (10, 30, 50, 80, and 100 mM), pH (4, 7, and 10), and initial antibiotic concentration (15, 30, 45, and 60 mg/L) were investigated in the degradation of tetracycline. Finally, the antibacterial property of the synthesized nanoparticle was determined.
Results: Under optimal conditions, within 90 min, the efficiency of tetracycline removal reached above 85% following pseudo-first-order kinetics. The obtained optimum conditions were as follows: tetracycline concentration (15 mg/L), oxidant concentration (80 mM), silver catalyst concentration (4 mM), and pH equal to 4. The size and morphological properties of nanoparticles were assessed by TEM, which showed that particles had a spherical shape with a diameter of about 1-50nm. The biosynthesized nanoparticle had high antibacterial properties.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that green synthesized silver nanoparticles with ultraviolet waves had great catalytic properties for oxidant activation and could also be used to inhibit and destroy resistant bacterial strains
Reza Gerami, Fatemeh Arab, Jalal Ghorbani, Vahid Hajali, Shima Farrokhi, Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili, Meysam Moghbeli, Ehsan Saburi,
Volume 16, Issue 2 (Summer 2024)
Abstract
Introduction: The novel coronavirus pandemic (SARS-Cov2) has presented daunting challenges to health systems in numerous countries. The levels of protective antibodies and predisposing factors are great contributors to people's susceptibility, especially in work environments. The present study aimed to assess the levels of IgM and IgG antibodies against COVID-19 and their relationships with other demographic findings in the employees of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.
Method: In this cross-sectional study, 758 employees of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences were selected by convenience sampling method. The data were collected using the country's standard questionnaire, and the level of IgG and IgM antibodies against SARS-CoV2 was determined by ELISA. The results were analyzed in SPSS software (version 16) using related statistical tests (P<0.05).
Results: As evidenced by the obtained results, 386 (50.9%) cases were male, and the rest were female. IgG and IgM antibodies were found in 138 (18.9%) and 41 (5.6%) participants, respectively. The most common symptoms in subjects who experienced the disease were cough, fever, chills, headache, shortness of breath, loss of smell, weakness, myalgia, arthralgia, and impaired consciousness. The use of public transportation, history of travel, and frequent presence at work were significantly found to be predisposing factors. In the diagnostic process, radiological examination (CT-Scan), molecular test (PCR), and antibody test when symptoms appeared were requested, respectively.
Conclusion: During infectious epidemics, it is recommended to pay close attention to maintaining social distancing, raising awareness, frequent health monitoring, and air conditioning.
