Journal of North Khorasan

Abstract Background & Objectives: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a potentially devastating disease in the central nervous system with an unknown etiology. Many epidemiologic and genetic studies are revealed that both genetic and environment can influence the susceptibility of MS. When microRNAs are introduced to molecular genetic world, they could establish their position in genetic studies. MiRNAs are small (19-24 nucleotides) non-coding RNAs. Here, we are trying to introduce the role of miRNAs in MS and their potentials to serve as biomarkers. Material & Methods: In this study we reviewed some different articles in a 10-years period about the role of miRNAs in MS. Then we selected the specific keywords and the most recent data were collected in this field. Results: The results show that many studies are performed on the role of miRNAs in various aspects of miRNAs in MS. In addition, miRNAs can be involved in the pathogenesis of MS, as well as they have some new therapeutic potential for MS through the gene expression regulation. Conclusion: Our results suggest that beside the role of miRNAs in MS pathogenesis, they have some therapeutic potential for MS. As well as, they can serve as biomarkers to evaluate disease progression and therapeutic efforts.

Abstract Background & objectives: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease in the central nervous system with an unknown etiology. The prevalence of MS increased worldwide including Iran. The association of rs243324 SNP of SOCS1 gene with MS was evaluated by Vandenbroeck. Also many studies evaluated the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of MS. Since miRNAs are small functional units, single base changes in the precursor elements, the mature miRNA sequence and their target gene sequences may drive alteration in their biological function. Material & Methods: In this study, the sequence of rs243324 SNP obtained from NCBI database. The analysis of the sequence of SNP in the presence and absence of the risk allele evaluated via miRBase algorithm. Results: Our results revealed that, the sequence of rs243324 SNP is homologous with the sequence of some miRNAs including: hsa-miR-4732-5p, hsa-miR-3976, hsa-miR-4727-3p and hsa-miR-4793-5p and can change their binding sites and this homology affected by alternation of C to T allele of SNP Conclusion: miRNAs regulate the gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by repression or degradation of their mRNA targets. rs243324 SNP can change the binding sites of some miRNAs and may be effective in the pathogenesis of MS through the change of SOCS1 expression. After demonstration in expression level, SOCS1 can be proposed as a new potential therapeutic target for MS.

Abstract Background & Objectives: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex disease in the central nervous system (CNS) and the most common inflammatory and degenerative disease in young adults. Most studies have shown that, vitamin D may interfere with the pathophysiology of MS within the CNS. CYP27B1 gene encodes the enzyme that catalyses the formation of the biological active metabolite 1,25(OH)2D form the abundant metabolite 25(OH)D. CYP27B1 is expressed on a variety of cells including neurons, glial cells and invaded lymphocytes. Material & Methods: In this study we reviewed some different and new articles about the role of Vitamin D in MS. Then we selected the specific and the most recent data in this field. Results: Among the multiple recently discovered actions of vitamin D, an immunomodulatory role has been documented in experimental autoimmune and in humans system like the central nervous system, pancreas. Furthermore, some clinical findings already strongly suggest that vitamin D status influences the relapse rate in MS and cancer. Conclusion: Our results suggest that beside the role of vitamin D in the relapse rate and radiological lesions in Iranian patients with MS In fact, many genetic and environmental risk factors like vitamin D appear to interact and contribute to MS, especially in young woman. As well as, they can serve as biomarkers to evaluate disease progression and therapeutic efforts.

Abstract Background & Objectives: Congenital abnormalities are essential causes of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Congenital disorders are diseases which develop during egg fertilization or during embryo development. The prevalence of affected infants that are born alive is estimated about 3-5%. .This study has been performed on revealed malformations of the infants born in Sistan region. Material & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional analysis was performed on all infants born alive and the congenital anomalies were detected from 1800 infants in three months. Sex, gestational age, type of abnormality, and neonate’s status at discharge were recorded in a questionnaire. The data was analyzed by the spss 19 and chi-square test software. Results: The prevalence of abnormalities was 1/8%. There was a significant difference between maternal age and the incidence of congenital anomalies (P≤0.05). According to our findings, the prevalence of congenital malformation especially abnormalcy of the ear, eye and face was 29.5%. Conclusion: The prevalence of congenital anomalies in year 1391 was higher than 1383 in Sistan region. Thus, more medical attention should be paid to their diagnosis and treatment at early stage. Also educational programs on congenital malformations and the consequences of consanguineous marriages should be performed.

Background & Objectives: Despite the serious effects of smoking, about 25 to 30% of women interest to smoke during pregnancy. Nicotine interfere the developmental process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the maternal nicotine effects on fibronectine expressions in newborn kidney extracellular matrix. Material and Method: eighteen pregnant mice were used for this study that followed to the E6 day. To mice in experimental group 3mg/kg /day nicotine and to ones in control 3ml/kg/day normal saline administrated intraperitoneally. On the first day of delivery the left Neonatal kidney tissue was used for Immunohistochemistry(IHC) examination and right kidney for RT-PCR test. Results: THE IHC results that analyzing with kruskal walis showed fibronectine accumulated significantly in glomerule and proximal convoluted tubule matrix in mice received nicotine(P<0.05). The RT-PCR results proved this finding. Conclusion: Nicotine induces the production of Fibronectin in kidney extracellular matrix that reduce the Possibility of Glomerular filtration rate and glomerular sclerosis.

Background & Objectives: Epidemiologic studies showed that smoking during pregnancy and lactation periods is associated with neonatal complications such as growth retardation, congenital defects. Nicotine is the most important substance in cigarettes that can pass through the placental barrier and  even  reaches the neonate through the milk. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of maternal nicotine exposures on the offspring kidney histology and expression of laminin   alpha- 5 chain in kidney extracellular matrix.

Material and Method: In this study eighteen pregnant female mice were used that divided into three groups as follow: Nicotine (3mg / kg / day) administrated intraperitoneally to pregnant mice in first group from the sixth day of gestation until delivery and similar dose injected to mice in second group from the first day of delivery until the end of lactation period. The pregnant mice in control group received same dose of normal saline. The laminin alpha-5 reaction and gene expression was assayed in the first and twenty days after delivery in offspring kidney tissue. The results were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and one-way ANOVA tests.

Results: Immunohistochemical (IHC) test results showed maternal nicotine receiving during gestation period reduced the intensity of laminin alpha 5 reactions significantly in glomerular matrix compared to lactation period.

Conclusion: We conclude that inhibition of Laminin&alpha5expression in the embryonic kidney extracellular matrix that induced by maternal nicotine may be suppressed the nephrogenesis process during renal organogenesis.

Key words: nicotine, Laminin&alpha5, kidney, extracellular matrix

Background & objectives: Diazinon (DZN) is an OP insecticide that one of its main mechanisms of toxicity is the inhibition of cholinesterase. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of diazinon on cholinesterase activity in adult female rat and protective role of vitamin E that performed following other study on diazinon-induced ovary oxidative stress.

Material & Methods:  In total 30 adult female wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: control (without any intervention), placebo (received only pure olive oil), experimental 1 (DZN+olive oil, 60 mg/kg), experimental 2 (DZN, 60 mg/kg +Vit E, 200 mg/kg) and experimental 3 (Vit E, 200 mg/kg). After 2 weeks, 3ml blood from the heart was collected with a heparinated syringe. The Serum and erythrocytes cholinesterases inhibition activity was determined.

Results: The results revealed that DZN reduces AchE level in erythrocyte significantly in comparison with those of control group (p< 0.001). Also DZN reduced PchE level in serum significantly (p< 0.05). In addition, Vit E plus DZN increased AchE level in erythrocyte significantly in comparison with those of DZN group (p< 0.001) . A significant increase in PchE level was observed   (p< 0.05).

Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate DZN decreases AchE and PchE levels in blood while in contrast  use of vit E, increase their  levels. Therefore, it can be concluded that vit E as antioxidants has a protective effect on AchE activity and reduce the toxicity of DZN in adult female rats.

Keyword: Diazinon, erythrocyte cholinesterase , Rat,  Serum cholinesterase, Vitamin E