Journal of North Khorasan

Abstract Background & Objectives: To assess frequency of urodynamic abnormalities in young men with chronic lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Materials & Methods: We assessed 456 men (18--40 years old) with chronic LUTS. Those with the history of urogenital malignancies, neurological disease, urethral stricture or trauma, acute UTI, congenital urological disease, and diabetes mellitus were excluded. Patients were classified by special urodynamic diagnosis. Results: Mean patient age was 25.8±5.9 years old and the mean symptom duration was 12.3±3.2 months. Urodynamic studies showed bladder neck dysfunction in 96 of cases (21%), dysfunctional voiding in 69 (15.1%), detrusor overactivity in 62 (13.6%), small cystometric capacity in 49 (10.7%), and acontractile detrusor in 48 (10.5%), underactive detrusor in 11 (2.4%), low compliance in 18 (3.9%), detrusor overactivity plus acontractile detrusor in 6 (1.3%), low compliance plus small cystometric capacity in 5 (1.0%), detrusor overactivity plus small cystometric capacity together with low compliance in 4 (0.8%), low compliance plus Underactive detrusor in 3 (0.6%) and normal urodynamics in 85 (18.6%). Mean Qmax in patients with bladder neck dysfunction, dysfunctional voiding, underactive detrusor, acontractile detrusor, underactive detrusor plus low compliance, and acontractile detrusor plus detrusor overactivity were lower than those of the other groups.Mean postvoid residues in patients with underactive detrusor, and underactive detrusor plus low compliance, were higher than those in the remaining groups. Positive four-glass test in patient with normal urodynamic was greater than those in the remaining groups. Conclusion: A few clinical symptoms or noninvasive tests were useful in young men with chronic LUTS hence, urodynamics are advised to make the correct diagnosis in this regard.

Abstract Background & Objectives: The frequent Comorbidity of depression disorder and substance use disorders (SUD) is well-documented. Metacognitive therapy is designed as a treatment to influence cognitive-attention syndrome, metacognitive processes, knowledge of its stimulating and action on the cognitive subsystem. The aim of present study was to investigate effect of metacognitive therapy on depressed addicts on methadone Maintenance treatment in Mashhad. Methods and materials: Of the 75 addicts receiving methadone the sample was included 24 participants who were assigned by random sampling in experimental (N=12) and control group (N=12). Addicts were completed Beck Depression short Inventory (BDI-13) in the pre-test, post-test. Data were analyzed by the SPSS 16 and presented with covariance (ANCOVA) test .Alpha level less than .05 was considered significance ( p<0.05). Findings: analysis of ANCOVA showed that there are significant differences between experimental and control group based on depression (f=184.8, p<0.001) in post-test stage. Conclusion results suggest that metacognitive therapy could be a short and effective treatment. Thus the thoughts and feelings without judgment and evaluation are done with the help of mental imagery. Additionally it is consistent with a detached mindfulness conceptualization of problematic abuse behavior and further add to our understanding of the role of specific metacognitions and mindfulness across the continuum of Abuse behavior and mood disorders.