Journal of North Khorasan

Abstract Background & Objectives: lipids play (or have) a major role in many critical functions of body but their growing up can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. This study investigates the hyperlipidemia incidence and its relationship with nutritional pattern, life style and anthropometric indices in North Khorasan Province, Iran. Materials & Methods: it is a cross-sectional study, which was performed on the teachers of North Khorasan province since 2009 to 2010. Demographic features, nutritional patterns, life style and Anthropometric indices were measured and recorded by using of standard scales. An 8mL fasting blood sample was collected after 12h fasting. Blood samples were centrifuged at 3000 g for 10 minutes and the serum aliquots was separated and stored at -20 oC. The GPO-PAP and GHOD-PAP methods (Zist-chimi company kits) were usedin order to determine the cholesterol and triglyceride concentration respectively. LDL-c and HDL-c concentrations were determined using Biosystem company kits. Findings: Total of 11704 (99.9%) volunteers among the 11713 teachers (5730 males and 5983 females, age 50.64±6.62 years), participated in this study. The mean concentration of cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-c and LDL-c in men were 196.4± 42.7, 164.2±96.4, 46.8±1.3 and 107.7±3.9 and in women was 190.9±39.8, 132.1±71, 50±1.2 and 110.9±3.4 respectively. The hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia prevalence and increased LDL-c levelin the age group 20-45 yearswas significantly more than age group 45-70 years. Hypercholesterolemia was directly associated with the male gender, central obesity and BMI (body mass index) and smoking, and inversely with the age group. Data was shown that the serum HDL-c level in females was lower than males and the serum LDL-c concentration in males was lower than females. Conclusion: This study shows high prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, serum increased LDL-c level, low physical activity in the age group 20-45 years. It seems that the lower age group expose to the heart disease more than age group 45-70 years

Abstract Background & Objectives: clinical education is one of the crucial aspects of teaching that leads to acquiring clinical qualification. Clinical education is affected by variety of factors which made us to conduct this systematic review on these factors. Material & Methods: published articles since 1992 till 2011 were systematically reviewed based on systematic search, screening, quality evaluation, collecting and analyzing data from databases such as Pubmed, Irandoc, Iranmedex, SID, Magiran, INLM, Scholar google, Med lib, and Iranian journals . The searching was done using keywords clinical education, viewpoint, Midwifery, Nursing, Student. Results: Based on results the effective factors included educational goals and plans, instructors performance, clinical environment, facilities, and students' personal characteristics. Totally there were no significant differences between instructors' and students' views on the effect of clinical education but the effect of clinical environment was mentioned more by instructors and effect of instructors' performance by students. Conclusion: due to need for more precise assessment of each factor and present condition, more efficient strategies should be sought with the help of instructors, students and other stake holders.