Journal of North Khorasan

Abstract Background and Objectives: Most housekeeping genes, tumor-suppressor genes, and approx 40% of tissue specific genes contain G+C sequences in their promoter region that are very difficult to amplify. AEG-1 plays a significant role in invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and chemoresistance, apoptosis, angiogenesis and aging Material and Methods:In this study, we proposed an improved polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to be used for successful amplification of the Astrocyte elevated gene -1gene promoter region that contains >70% G+C content in a sequence of 495 bp and some transcription initiation sites in hepatocellularcarcinoma patient. Results: The results showed that using of DMSO co-amplification touchdown PCR and pfu enzyme can inhibit the formation of secondary structure in DNA Sequences and increase the PCR product. Conclusion: Therefore, this method can be recommended to amplify other GC-rich genomic templates.

Background & Objectives: Hospital is one of the most important public organizations which similar to other community organizations, for its survival and development requires creative and innovative managers and employees. So, this study aimed to identify the most important affecting factors on employee's creativity and innovation from the perspective of Hashemi nejad Hospital's personals. Material & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2011. The study population was composed of Hashemi nejad hospital staff in Tehran city. By using of stratification and randomized sampling method, 200 employees of hospital were selected. Data also was collected by a standard questionnaire (including of affecting factors on creativity and innovation and demographic factors). The data was analyzed using statistical tests by software SPSS16 . Result: Results Showed that the most important influencing individual and organizational factors on creativity were having an adequate perception to the subject (Mean=1.60) and stimulating the rewards (Mean=1.54) respectively. On the other hand, the most important individual and organizational affecting factors on innovation were patience in implementing new ideas (Mean=1.35) and providing sufficient budget for doing research projects (Mean=1.49), correspondingly. Conclusion: To enhance creativity, payment systems need to be modified and personnel should be trained in a creative thinking way. Furthermore, to promote innovation, the necessary resources for implementing ideas should be provided and people with innovative ideas be supported.